Analysis Of Ibsens A Dolls House Essay -- A Dolls House Essays

A Doll House A basic Analysis When Nora pummeled the entryway shut in her doll's home in 1879, her message sent shockwaves around the globe that endure right up 'til today. I should stand very alone, Nora announced in the wake of discovering that her optimal of life was only a creative mind of her and that for her entire life had been develop by others people's, explicitly her better half and her father thoughts, conclusions and tastes. Nora is the spoiled spouse of a hopeful bank administrator Torvald Halmer. In a urgent endeavor to spares her better half's life Nora once requested a credit so she and her family could move some place where her significant other could recoup from his infection. Giving the conditions she, as a lady of that period, without anyone else and behind her significant other fashioned her father mark to get the advance. Presently, Nora's bank (Mr. Krogstad), in spite of her paying dependably, utilizes that shortcoming as an extortion to pressure her so she could assist him with keeping his activity in the Bank where her significant other will be the administrator. Nora discovers that Torvald would fire Mr. Krogstad at any expense. At learning this, Nora trembles for she knows Mr. Krogstad will advise everything to Torvald. She stays sure; anyway that Torvald will remain by her regardless of what result. His response however isn't what she expected and in this way here is the point at which sh e understands that she must stand very alone and leaves her significant other. From the time A Doll's House was performed for first time (1879) till now, there have been a wide range of understanding and pundits about its message. As indicated by Mr. Mayer's documents pundits thought about that the A Doll's House message was that a marriage was not hallowed, that a man's clout in his home ought not go unchallenged. Another comparative pundits' interpretat... ... Johnston, Brian. Text and Supertext in Ibsen's Drama. Pennsylvania : The Pennsylvania State University , 1932. 2. Templeton, Joan. Ibsen's Women. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1997. 3. Tennant, P.F.D. Ibsen's Dramatic Technique. New York : Hummanities Press Inc., 1948. 4. Meyer, Michael. Ibsen's on record. London and New York : Methuen London Ltd., 1985. 5. Passage, Karen. Social contrains and excruciating development in A Doll's House. Extended Academic ASAP. Methodist College , Fayetteville , NC . 30 Octuber 2005 6. Hopkins, Anthony and Bloom Claire. A Doll's House video recording. Southgate Entertainment. 1989. 7. Rekdal, Anne Marie. The female Jouissance An Analysis of Ibsen's Et dukkehjem. Extended Academic ASAP. Methodist College , Fayetteville , NC . 30 Octuber 2005

Is Levittown (N.Y) a symbol of American progress, or should it be Essay

Is Levittown (N.Y) an image of American advancement, or should it be viewed as an image of American bias - Essay Example In any case, the since quite a while ago seeded bigotry develops in the town against all races other than Caucasian. Indeed, even today, a greater part of the occupants of Levittown are white Americans. As indicated by the 1990 registration, 97.37 percent of the occupants of Levittown were White Americans (The New York Times, 1997, p. 2). After three years, in the 2000 registration, â€Å"[t]he racial cosmetics of the CDP was 94.36% White, 2.45% African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.96% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.86% from different races, and 1.17% from at least two races† (Hispanis Dose, n.d.). Attributable to the curbed privileges of non-Caucasian Americans in Levittown, it is an image of bias for America. Development of prejudice in the Long Islands is negative in any event, for the racists. Long Islanders have traditionally made each endeavor to shield their Island from agreeing with the thought of â€Å"becoming simply like Queens† (Newsday, 2002). The k ey belief system of Long Islanders is that to be Queens-like is to be urban, which isn't something to feel pleased with. All together for the Long Islands like Levittown to be viewed as acceptable, they must be rural with a great deal of riches, security and in particular, whiteness! In any case, â€Å"[i]n their push to keep things as they may be, notwithstanding, Long Islanders are choking their own possibility of developing as a monetary focus and as a lively, reasonable region† (Newsday, 2002). By making the Long Islands race explicit, the designers have limited the odds of inhabitance of their own youngsters on them. They will in general ruin all chances to illuminate the standard issues of ensuring open space, controlling overdevelopment, renewing the midtown areas, restricting charges, and above all, taking care of bigotry. Bigotry in Long Islands like Levittown moves from private existence of people to the cultural field. It might as often as possible appear in open s ocial events as far as racial handles showed on the structures, and embarrassment offered to the groups of shading by the white individuals living in the area. Beatings discover inception in bigotry in such conditions. Levittown is one of the Long Islands where this occurred specifically. Levittown is the principal suburb for the American country after the war. Dark troopers were denied access to this biggest lodging plan throughout the entire existence of America. Since that time, the town has expanded in nuance manifolds, helping the foundation of a wide scope of establishments going from schools and boutiques to clinics. The significant conditions have made it hard for the foundation to deal with the mushrooming issues. The dissimilarity between the privileges of Caucasian Americans and non-Caucasian Americans is negative for the tranquility of the town. Long Islanders will in general accomplish discretion and build up the monetary capacity to get not interested in the condition of the remainder of the country. The various government layers that outcomes in such a framework adds such a great amount of volume to the charges that they advance seclusion of the racial grounds. The procedure of improvement is controlled by the fracture of authority and it turns out to be a lot harder to abrogate bigotry. The cost of houses in the Long Islands like Levittown has expectedly been the most extreme among all states in the US. The bizarrely significant expenses likewise discover a connection to the bigotry. In the event that the houses become reasonable to people in general as a rule, they

Negative Psychotic Symptoms

Negative Psychotic Symptoms PTSD Symptoms Print Negative Psychotic Symptoms Negative psychotic symptoms are characterized by absence or loss of experience By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Updated on June 24, 2019 Thomas Barwick / Stone / Getty Images More in PTSD Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Coping Related Conditions PTSD and the Military Psychotic symptoms can be divided into two groups: positive psychotic symptoms and negative psychotic symptoms. Positive symptoms are characterized by the  presence  of unusual feelings, thoughts or behaviors.  Positive symptoms  include such experiences as hallucinations or delusions. A hallucination could be hearing voices that no one else can hear or see things that are not really there. Negative psychotic symptoms are those characterized by absence or loss of experience. Negative psychotic symptoms include: A decrease in or complete loss of the ability to emotionally respond to people, events, etc.A decrease in speaking (alogia).Difficulty sticking with activities and tasks; the appearance of being unmotivated or withdrawn; may have difficulty completing even the simplest of tasks, such as getting dressed in the morning. Psychotic Symptoms and PTSD Researchers at the University of Manitoba, Columbia University and the University of Regina examined the data on 5,877 people from across the United States to determine the rates with which people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience  different psychotic symptoms. They found that, among people with PTSD, the experience of positive psychotic symptoms was most common. Approximately 52 percent of people who reported having PTSD at some point in their lifetime also reported experiencing a positive psychotic symptom. The most common positive symptoms were: Believing that other people were spying on or following them (27.5 percent)Seeing something that others could not see (19.8 percent)Having unusual feelings inside or outside of their bodies, such as feeling as though they were being touched when no one was really there (16.8 percent)Believing that they could hear what someone else was thinking (12.4 percent)Being bothered by strange smells that no one else could smell (10.3 percent)Believing that their behaviors and thoughts were being controlled by some power or force (10 percent) The researchers also found  evidence that the more PTSD symptoms  a person was experiencing, the greater the likelihood that they would also experience positive psychotic symptoms. To take their study a step further, the researchers also looked at what  traumatic events were most commonly related to the experience of psychotic symptoms. They found the following to be most strongly connected: Being involved in a fire, flood, or  natural disasterSeeing someone get seriously injured or killedExperiencing tremendous shock  as a result of a traumatic event  that happened to a close relative, friend, or significant other What This All Means The experience of psychotic symptoms may tell the story of just how severe  a persons case of PTSD  is and how well he or she is coping with the condition. It may also raise red flags about the likelihood of potentially dangerous behaviors. It has been suggested that the experience of psychotic symptoms in those with PTSD may be connected to the experience of  dissociation.  Frequent dissociation  may increase the risk  for the development of psychotic symptoms. And studies have shown that people with PTSD who experience psychotic symptoms, as compared to those who do not, may be at greater risk for a number of problems, such  as suicidal thoughts,  suicide attempts, and greater overall distress. If a loved one has PTSD and is experiencing psychotic symptoms, it is very important that they seek out treatment. Various different resources  are available for people  seeking help  for their PTSD.

Negative Psychotic Symptoms

Negative Psychotic Symptoms PTSD Symptoms Print Negative Psychotic Symptoms Negative psychotic symptoms are characterized by absence or loss of experience By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Updated on June 24, 2019 Thomas Barwick / Stone / Getty Images More in PTSD Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Coping Related Conditions PTSD and the Military Psychotic symptoms can be divided into two groups: positive psychotic symptoms and negative psychotic symptoms. Positive symptoms are characterized by the  presence  of unusual feelings, thoughts or behaviors.  Positive symptoms  include such experiences as hallucinations or delusions. A hallucination could be hearing voices that no one else can hear or see things that are not really there. Negative psychotic symptoms are those characterized by absence or loss of experience. Negative psychotic symptoms include: A decrease in or complete loss of the ability to emotionally respond to people, events, etc.A decrease in speaking (alogia).Difficulty sticking with activities and tasks; the appearance of being unmotivated or withdrawn; may have difficulty completing even the simplest of tasks, such as getting dressed in the morning. Psychotic Symptoms and PTSD Researchers at the University of Manitoba, Columbia University and the University of Regina examined the data on 5,877 people from across the United States to determine the rates with which people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience  different psychotic symptoms. They found that, among people with PTSD, the experience of positive psychotic symptoms was most common. Approximately 52 percent of people who reported having PTSD at some point in their lifetime also reported experiencing a positive psychotic symptom. The most common positive symptoms were: Believing that other people were spying on or following them (27.5 percent)Seeing something that others could not see (19.8 percent)Having unusual feelings inside or outside of their bodies, such as feeling as though they were being touched when no one was really there (16.8 percent)Believing that they could hear what someone else was thinking (12.4 percent)Being bothered by strange smells that no one else could smell (10.3 percent)Believing that their behaviors and thoughts were being controlled by some power or force (10 percent) The researchers also found  evidence that the more PTSD symptoms  a person was experiencing, the greater the likelihood that they would also experience positive psychotic symptoms. To take their study a step further, the researchers also looked at what  traumatic events were most commonly related to the experience of psychotic symptoms. They found the following to be most strongly connected: Being involved in a fire, flood, or  natural disasterSeeing someone get seriously injured or killedExperiencing tremendous shock  as a result of a traumatic event  that happened to a close relative, friend, or significant other What This All Means The experience of psychotic symptoms may tell the story of just how severe  a persons case of PTSD  is and how well he or she is coping with the condition. It may also raise red flags about the likelihood of potentially dangerous behaviors. It has been suggested that the experience of psychotic symptoms in those with PTSD may be connected to the experience of  dissociation.  Frequent dissociation  may increase the risk  for the development of psychotic symptoms. And studies have shown that people with PTSD who experience psychotic symptoms, as compared to those who do not, may be at greater risk for a number of problems, such  as suicidal thoughts,  suicide attempts, and greater overall distress. If a loved one has PTSD and is experiencing psychotic symptoms, it is very important that they seek out treatment. Various different resources  are available for people  seeking help  for their PTSD.

Inert Citizens Demoracy a Fools Paradise - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2244 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Inert Citizens Democracy: A Fool’s Paradise! It is the most beautiful truth in morals that we have no such thing as a distinct or divided interest from our race In their welfare is ours; And by choosing the broadest paths to effect their happiness, We choose the surest and shortest to our own Bulwer In this era, we have witnessed the worst recession of this century. The world was reeling under immense pressure with most of the western giant financial institutes falling like a house of cards. India with no exception and felt the blow of it with mainly our western world linked highly sought after globally acclaimed intellectuality gasping and bleeding! Yet, it is now believed that our very cultural upbringing has kept us ashore in these highly turbulent times. Culture, a way of life, has inculcated the habit of ‘saving’ for may be tomorrows hard times and this worked like a savoir for us! Well, habits are habits; and if some worked like a savior then few others have turned us as meek and inert. Our docile nature was a life’s compulsion to live under most undemocratic regimes due to continuous ruthless invasions on our motherland. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Inert Citizens Demoracy: a Fools Paradise" essay for you Create order Through centuries of invasions have breed habit of accepting harbingers of suppression and have turned inertness around our surroundings as a way of accepting life. It is just as if continuous mutations on crossover in genes perpetrates new breeds, all such habits good or bad are as if ‘genetically codoned’ in our life; and as Shakespeare rightly said: â€Å"How use doth breed a habit in a man. † Well, in Nagpur, the local government is taking an advantage of this inertness of its citizens and therefore one after the other had imposed a murderous rise in taxes. Nagpur it is the largest city in central India. With a population of around 2,420,000 it is also the third largest city by population in the state of Maharashtra. The recent survey also tells us that Maharashtra has the highest number of urban poor in India. Historically, the British East India Company took over the city in 19th century and made it the capital of Central Provinces and Berar. After first state reorganization, it lost the capital status but was made the second capital of Maharashtra. The city is the commercial and political center of the tates eastern Vidarbha region. However, interestingly Nagpur will be the only city in the globe whose inhabitants will have to pay over the last year, say upto 27 times more for water consumption, double and more for property tax, about 30% more on power consumption, new additional shop license fee upto Rs1000 per annum, and retrogressive octroi collection system makes everything more expensive. Globally, Octroi is an oldest form of lo cal levies, a local tax collected on various articles brought into a city/ district for consumption. Octroi taxes have a respectable antiquity, in 12th and 13th century being known in Roman times as vectigalia (a tax on the entry from or departure to the provinces). From an early time the octroi was farmed out to associations or private individuals, and so great were the abuses which arose from the system that the octroi was abolished during the French Revolution. However, after resurfacing, the octroi was finally abolished in 1948 in France, in 1860 in Belgium, and in 1903 from Egypt. Currently, as of 2010, octroi is levied only in Ethopia and in 22 cities of Maharashtra state in India. The reason why the world has done away with Octroi is its very nature of discrimination. Much before the time of free India till date, many committees had been entrusted the task of determining the validity of octroi, and all committees with no exception have asked Govt. to abolish it immediately. In 1925, the committee to study octroi recommended its abolition. In 1959, the M. R. Masani committee on Road Transport Reorganization considered on the levy of Octroi â€Å"a national waste† and suggested its immediate abolition. The Planning commission in 1966 recommended the abolition of octroi. The Keskar committee condemned the â€Å"Cancer of Octroi’ which had spread through the body of politics of local administration and called it a grave danger to the civic life of the community. The Lok Sabha Estimates committee in 1975 said one of the main obstacles in the way of quick and rapid moment of road transport in the country is the multiplicity of check post and payment of duties at the check-posts. In the conference of Chief Ministers in Sept 1980, it was resolved to abolish octroi, the then prime minister calling it a regressive and retrogressive levy. As per a survey conducted under the chairmanship of India’s eminent economist Shri. Palkhiwala said the delay at check-posts accounted for 73% of effective time of commercial vehicles. The fuel consumption at the check post resulted in a wastage of 15%. The national council for Applied Economic Research worked out that these check-posts virtually employed the carrying capacity of 80,000 trucks being idle. Shri. Palkhiwala said that for every rupee of net revenue derived from octroi, the net burden is Rs. 6. 27 to the nation. Well, after such observations of various committees were made all states except Maharashtra dumped Octroi either sooner or later. The Octroi was levied in Punjab till September 1, 2006, Gujarat abolished it in 2008, now the only state to have more than 1000 years old form of retrogressive local taxation as â€Å"octroi†, is the Maharashtra state. The state has lost on many new industries due to local taxation policies, for example on 8th Oct 1998, the Mahindra ; Mahindra Limited wanted to set up its Rs 800 crore automobile project in Nasik in Maharashtra, but later went to Andhra Pradesh on account of a hike in octroi charges. The Business Daily on Friday, Aug 04, 2006 mentions that `The Subodh Kant report on octroi has recommended its abolition, the traders in Maharashtra have been calling for the abolition of octroi for the last 20 years. The Maharashtra Octroi Abolition Committee (MOAC) has been spearheading a campaign for its abolition. Mr Nayan Patel, President of the Indian Merchants Chamber, said that exports are booming at 22 per cent and the shipment of goods via Mumbai port was getting affected. Octroi levy is making Indian goods non-competitive in the international market. Maharashtra annually collects Rs. 5,572 crore as octroi. Out of the 22 municipalities in the State, the cumulative collection of 15 municipalities is only about Rs 700 crore. There has been a string of commitments from Maharashtra state on octroi removal issue but all of them turned out to be farce. On Dec 11, 2006, Anti-octroi traders bandh in Maharashtra by various traders associations have yielded on the false commitments of its abolition from the Chief Minister (CM) of state. `Maharashtra to abolish octroi soon’ was announced by Mr. Vilasrao Deshmukh on September 07, 2007, the then CM of Maharashtra. On Jan 13, 2008, PTI reported that the Maharashtra government would soon abolish octroi and a proposal in this effect is soon to be placed. On Feb 21, 2008, Maharashtra Cabinet discussed octroi abolition but failed to declare it. Yet again Shri. Ashok Chavan, the present CM announced in Aug 2009, after a cabinet meeting those 15 D-class corporations of the state would abolish octroi from next financial year. Interestingly, Maharashtra went to polls in October 009, an election stunt. However, the commitment was not kept on octroi abolition in 15 D-class corporations. After poll results they had had yet again fooled the citizens. Well it isn’t be a big shock of backtracking since the Cong. has mastered the art of ditching. We are aware that even previous political opponents of present government had abolition the octroi from some corporations in the past and the current political alliance overruled it after com ing to power. For politicians we are just pawns of their political game plans. They also know that we do have a very short memory and this make them exploit us even more. An excellent example to quote is: when Shri. Shankarrao Chavan, the then chief minister of Maharashtra and the father of present CM Shri. Ashok Chavan announced in a public rally that the state would do away with octroi from next financial year, and yet his son hasn’t affected his `will’ until today, while going back on his own words. We happily pluck the fruits of legacies left by our parents and very conveniently forget our responsibilities, Shri. Ashok Chavan is no exception; he is also an ordinary man in an extraordinary post. Well the list of cheating on octroi abolition matter by politicians is endless, when VAT was introduced, the White Paper on VAT mentions that: in the Chief Ministers conference it was resolved that all local levies like octroi must be removed, then only it will be the uniform pricing concept in true sense. However, because a few states had an apprehension that due to VAT their net sales tax revenue would fall, hence they delayed the abolition of octroi. Nevertheless, soon all other states abolished octroi after they found high yields from VAT collections. Whereas, in Maharashtra state in the year 2004-05, which was the final year of state sales tax collection, it was at Rs. 16,719 crores, and after VAT was introduced it has rose to Rs. 40,000 crores in the year 2008-09; this is almost two and half times increase in last four years. The states octroi collection of Rs. 5572 crores can always be compensated if ever the state government was serious and had any regard for their people and also for their own words! More so, these statistics dismisses the demand of state to have alternative revenue to compensate the octroi loss. These politicians are so greedy, people have paid Rs. 24,000 crores more in VAT, and still VAT rate was raised this financial year and octroi shamelessly persists year after year. The latest episode of strong affection for octroi in Maharashtra was glaring when in a meeting held in Sept 2009 of Chief Ministers on forthcoming Goods and Service Tax (GST) to be adopted soon, Maharashtra Govt. as announced that it will not do away with octroi tax in the state. These state politicos should be reprimanded by the incidentally same political party at the center and more iron hand be used by stopping all central aid to state if they fail to fall in line; have they even read the phrase: Carrot or Stick policy. On the similar lines on 06th Oct 2009, Prime Minister Shri. Manmohan Singh while addressing the ministers of Food Processing Industries of states reiterated the need for GST and abolition of all local levies to finely structure the taxation in the country. The highest ever inflation rate which is killing the common man is neither an act of natural calamity nor a misadventure of neighboring state, it’s a recipe of Congress ruled states increasing VAT, keeping octroi and then publically laughing it off ( Delhi CM Smt. Sheela Dixit that people have lot of money to pay, a near striptease)! The PM is the captain of the Ship and CM of his own political party doesn’t take the cue to relax taxations then he shouldn’t be feeling shy of turning a cue as a stick. In Nagpur, in the current financial year Nagpur Municipal Corporations proposed the increased budget worth year after year. Most of the development projects announced this year were already featured in previous years budget, which means no new projects, and yet a hike of 88% in collections were proposed in year 2008-09 to 2009-10. All this is because that more than 60% of the corporation budget goes into salaries and perks of employees. However, the committee on octroi and finance had put the ceiling cap on salaries to 16%. This is when we are yet to disburse salaries as per 6th Pay commission recommendations. Another, interesting developments since last 10 years is NMC work is allotted as privatization to private operators, e. g. , for garbage collection, tax collection, bus transport service, streetlight maintenance, water billing, biological waste disposal, water supply maintenance, so on and so for, then where does NMC employees contribute to city upkeep then? In an Indian democratic setup it’s the Government by the people, of the people, for the people; and according to thinker Taine â€Å"there are four varieties in society; the lovers, the ambitious, observers and fools. The fools are the happiest† he says. However, I feel, to run the government for the welfare of its citizens there should be more lovers of the motherland, the ambitious must lead the masses to prosperity, observers shouldn’t be passive, and the fools must be those perpetrators of inhuman tax tirades, who are in their fools world of indifference towards responsibility of society. Lord Shiva, the god with epitome of destroyer in Hindu Mythology, has a `Trisul’, thy weapon with three spearheads; let each spear be like lover, ambitious and observer, with this trishul we need to corner the fools. Each person in Nagpur has to upheld this `trishul of power’, and the agitation is to awake the slumbered government living in fool’s paradise! Dear politicos, it’s already late to abolish the abusive, `cancer of society’, octroi. This is an SOS call to all lovers of this motherland India to rescue us from going down by the head into ocean of turbulent times orchestrated by arrogance and barbarism of politicians and executives. I certainly hope that this turbulence would turn into `Sagar-Manthan,’ i. e. , `the churning out good from the bad,’ and like always†¦ the good shall prevail! * DR. AJAY SONI Email: [emailprotected] com Cell: +919822577987

Analysis Of Travis Scott s Ascension Of Fame - 930 Words

Travis Scott’s ascension to fame was unprecedented. His career, marked by the mid-2013 release of his debut mixtape Owl Pharaoh, had not even began when he signed not only to Epic Records, which has housed acts such as Ozzy Osbourne, Michael Jackson and Celine Dion but also to Grand Hustle Very G.O.O.D Beats (as a producer), the label imprints of hip-hop juggernauts T.I. Kanye West. Since then he has released a solid project in Days Before Rodeo, Rodeo’s predecessor and has boasted countless credits, producing for many of music’s biggest acts such as Drake, Jay-Z, Kanye West Rihanna, thus gaining respect and support from fellow musicians and fans alike. The expectations for this album were high and I evaluated the album in terms of Scott’s individuality and the album’s lyrics, features, production, cohesiveness and replay value to see whether the expectations were met. Individuality is key; setting yourself apart from the competition and longevity are almost interchangeable in the music industry. While listening to this project, it is evident that, lyrically, Scott brings nothing new to the table. Chris Gibbons, writer for Hip-Hop website The Boombox, states that Scott â€Å"wears his influence[s] on his sleeve† and he simply does not care. His melodic, heavily auto-tuned and high energy songs all point to influences stemming from artists such as Future, Young Thug, Swae Lee of Rae Sremmurd, labelmate Kid Cudi and mentor Kanye West. On â€Å"Apple Pie,† Scott states that he’s

Types of Clothing and Mood - 560 Words

In this essay I want to look at different types of clothing and if it can affects how we feel or whether our mood is what defines what we wear. Clothes have an important role in our lives; it can also place us in different social classes and possibly even ranking. It can boost our confidence; change our body language which can then make us more appealing to others. Clothes has its uses, it protect us from the weather and provide us with warmth. It can make us wanted and even hated. Depending on the fashion trend, Clothing can make us stand out, but it can also make us look like anyone else in the crowd. Subconsciously our choices of clothing represent our personality and how we are feeling. Some believe that different fashion trends play a part on our feeling or are it our feeling that pushes us to different fashion trends. There are so many stigma that fashion trends portray. So my question is: Can clothes affect the way a person feels? Mark Twain says â€Å"Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society,† suggests that the right type of clothing may have an impact on how people perceive you. If complemented on can boost that individual confidence and so give them a self-worth. The individual could then start acting to the adjusted confidence be more outgoing and then may continue to dress in that manner to maintain that status. Growing up we were taught not judge a person on their outer appearance but we dont seem to follow this lesson of life.Show MoreRelatedHigh Fashions : Popular Fashion In Pop Culture1246 Words   |  5 Pagesmodels and celebrities. Clothing is worn in our everyday lives for many different reasons. In today’s world, clothing is used to represent a person’s cultures, groups, individuality, identification, and protection. By looking at what a person has on their body, on their feet, or even on their head/in their hair, you may be able to define them as a person. 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However; the textbook also mentions how â€Å"people with genderRead MoreThe Ways Punk Culture has been Used688 Words   |  3 Pagesin a number of ways. Since the beginning of the subculture, major label record labels, haute couture, and the mass media have attempted to use punk for profit and popularity. Punk fashion is the clothing, hairstyles, cosmetics, jewelry, and body modifications o f the punk subculture. Many punks use clothing as a way of making a statement. First days of punk took place in London in the middle of the 70’s. Young teenagers and rebel followers of a new music style created it, called punk. One of the mostRead MoreGo Going Gone : The City Of Elko, Nevada949 Words   |  4 Pagesvariety of clothing to select from. The two old movie theaters that were always so crowded no matter the time of day. Also, teens committing suicide from left to right created a very uninteresting yet terrifying environment. The scarce shopping centers became rather bothersome. 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Mercutio is white and hardly appears on the screen in Franco Zefferelli’s version, although in Baz Lurhman we see a lot of Mercutio and it was very hard not to miss him wearing women clothing a white wig and he had stolen the show with his singing and dancing on the large staircase. In both versions the nurse we see as an optimistic, cheerful and a glint of mischievous old lady. Count Paris in the old version

Committee on Corporations and Financial Services †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Committee on Corporations and Financial Services. Answer: Introduction: The role of a responsible manager is that of competence. In simple words, they are specifically responsible for overseeing the offering of credit or financial services and managing them as well. As responsible managers, they are directly associated with decision making that pertains to every day and decision making regarding the financial services provision. In terms of group, they have the desired knowledge, as well as skills for the financial services as well as product and specifically meet one of the five option for providing desired skills and knowledge (FOS, 2017). Furthermore, ASIC also expects that such responsible managers are able to play an active part in fostering a culture of compliance in the whole industry. This means that responsible managers are also liable to operate as major players in the compliance arrangements of businesses. Nevertheless, apart from such responsibilities, they also have to undergo ongoing training requirements in order to become competent to offer financial services (Deegan, 2011). There are five options for illustrating their adequate skills and knowledge out of which one requirement must be met: Individual assessment APRA standard or relevant industry Short industry course or university degree Product-specific or industry diploma Other knowledge and skills ( reflecting knowledge, as well as skills) Paul and Ivy being the responsible managers of Big Money Ltd are responsible in performing various supervision and monitoring processes upon their authorized representatives, directors, and employees to make sure that such representatives are properly complying with the financial services laws including license conditions. In relation to this, they can consider processes like keeping track of the representatives, what kind of role they are entrusted to perform, and whether they are properly authorized or not (Wood Sangster, 2005). Furthermore, they can also make sure that their employee (Fred) does not act outside the scope of what he has been authorized to do so (FOS, 2017). Furthermore, various training standards are also set out by ASIC in this regard wherein representatives who offer financial advice to retail clients are under an obligation to obtain such standards (Conifer, 2016). The standard step by step process that is traced within the standard AS4811:2006 as a model for the screening of the employment is as follows: Assessment of risk the role, as well as potential risk that is present in the role Resting on the feature and the role, the adoption for the recruitment policy must be done and the desired criteria must be set (FOS, 2017). An advertisement must be done for the position and the short listing must be done. An efficient check should be conducted by the organization that pertains to identify checks, bankruptcy check, etc. The suitability must be determined in a proper manner. Financial Services Guide must be offered to the clients as soon as possible by the offering entities after it becomes clear that the financial service will be, or is more likely to be offered to the client. In other words, an FSG must be distributed to the client before provision of financial service to them, however, in some instances, it may be offered after provision of financial service (FOS, 2017). In the given scenario, the content requirements of the financial services guide are as follows: The title naming Financial Services Guide near or at the front of the document. The date of the FSG. Contact details and name of the offering entity and if the entity has an AFL license, then the license number must also be disclosed. Relevant information about the types of financial services that the AFL entity (Big Money) is authorized to offer. A statement of the objective of the guide and significant information about other disclosure documents that the client can obtain. Proper information about the commission, remuneration, and other benefits that the offering entity will obtain, or reasonably expects to obtain. Efficient details of any relationships that may influence the offering entity in offering the financial advice. In the given case, a referral arrangement has been established by Ivy with a nearby accounting practice Nimble Numbers Pty Ltd. Such information must form part of the FSG (Lai et. al, 2013). Relevant details of the type of compensation agreement that the offering entity (Big Money) or authorized AFS Licensee has whether through advice associated with indemnity insurance or otherwise. It must also be disclosed whether advice related to insurance coverage, retirement planning, etc offered to Keith (friend of Fred) comply with Compensation and Insurance Arrangements for AFS Licensees or not. Details regarding where the offering entity is a player in a licensed market or a settlement and clearing facility. Furthermore, a statement to this effect must also be incorporated in the financial services guide. Hence, these points must form part of the financial services guide of Big Money Ltd and it must be distributed to the clients before provision of financial services to the clients. It can be seen in the given scenario that Paul and Fred are under an obligation to provide personal financial product advice to the clients. Such advice is a statement of opinion or a recommendation that can influence the decision-making capability of a person about a specific financial product, or a class of products, or interest in a specific financial product or class of products. Under Australian Law, all financial product advice is either general or personal advice. Personal product advice is provided to a person wherein the person offering it considers one or more objectives, requirements, and financial condition of the client. Apart from such advice, all other advice is termed as general advice under Corporations Act (Lai et. al, 2013). Paul and Fred have a position of fiduciary relationship that is a relationship of trust where the party that has a higher knowledge capacity of training owes a duty to act in the partys best interest that does not contain the same knowledge. Fu rther, they should act in the client best interest when providing advice to the retail client. Act in the clients best interest (section 961B) To give appropriate advice (section 961G) To alert the client if advice dwells on incomplete or information that is inaccurate in nature (section 961H) Giving priority to the interest of the client (section 961J) If a person (Paul and Fred) carries out the activity of offering such advice, they directly adhere to the Corporations Act and unless an exemption is applicable, they must hold an AFS license or perform as a representative of an AFS licensee. They must also perform several other duties associated with specific disclosure and conduct obligations. Firstly, they must ensure that a general advice warning is offered to the client. Secondly, they must ensure that they prepare and provide a financial services guide to their clients. Thirdly, they must also prepare and provide an SOA to the clients for fulfilling their duties. Fourthly, they must perform in the best interests of the client so that personal advice is not hampered. Fifthly, they are under an obligation to warn the client if the personal advice rendered by them is not accurate or incomplete in nature. Lastly, they must also ensure that the clients interests are prioritized while performing their duties. For instance, if the mai n business of an entity is to offer financial products and advice, it may deal with a wide range of products and services that incorporate a high range of staff (IFA, 2017). During communication through a phone call, the client may request personal financial product advice from the providing entity and without offering a warning or indication, the advice must not be given to the client. Similarly, provision of advice by Paul and Fred in relation to the planning of retirement, life insurance, etc can be given if the information is either complete or if it is incomplete, then disclosure regarding the same has been offered to the client (Keith). Besides, Paul and Fred must offer general advice warning to the clients as well so that there is no dispute of interest within them. Secondly, since Paul and Fred have contractual obligations with their clients, breaking them does not mean a breach of other general obligations as well, but it can amount to a failure to offer financial services to the client honestly, effectively, and fairly. These practical examples demonstrate that since there has been no breach of contract between Paul and his clients, the duties from his side are fulfilled effectively. This is the fiduciary relationship between an insurance agent and his client just like a trust relationship between Paul and Fred. Section 961(B) provides a safe labor for the compliance with the best interest duty in S961B(1). If Paul and Fred can show that the necessary steps stated in S961B(2) were taken then they will be deemed to have complied with the duty of the best interest. It is needed by the safe harbour to: Trace the aims, financial perspective and the requirement of the client that were provided by the client by way of instructions. Secondly, it needs to identify the matter of the advice that is needed by the client. Thirdly, the requirements, objectives of the client is required to be ascertained. If it is complete that the information that relates to the situation of the client is not proper then proper queries is needed to be obtained. The practical example can be cited that of the insurance agent and the client. There consists a fiduciary link in operation where the insurance agent has the role on providing advice, putting best interest in client while dealing with the clients financial transaction. In this scenario, the clients have complete confidence in the agent that links to the performance of a transaction that is correct and lawful. In the given scenario, Big Money Ltd has some responsibilities that must be fulfilled in order to comply with the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006. Firstly, Big Money Ltd as a responsible entity has the obligation to conduct know your staff risk-associated due diligence interrogations and inquiries so that probabilities of money laundering are eliminated at the first stage itself (Jonsson et. al, 2009). Furthermore, it is also advisable that Big Money meets additional but complimentary statutory obligations to implement policies and procedures to decrease the risk of money laundering. Besides, the role of internal control mechanisms also plays a key role in reducing chances of money laundering within the company (Goodwin et. al, 2008). It is also advisable that Big Money Ltd offers overall responsibility of such anti-money laundering system to a senior director or manager who can perform every task in order to mitigate risks effectively (Wahlen et.a l, 2 010). Furthermore, the appointment of a money laundering reporting officer must also be done so that the entitys compliance with its anti-money laundering obligations are directly supervised and controlled. Based on the given scenario, it can be seen that the managed investment scheme intended to be operated by Balderdash must be registered. The registration process entails that the company must be a public company with at least three directors and has more than twenty members. Furthermore, both wholesale and retail clients must form part of the scheme (Petersen Plenborg, 2012). The scheme must also comply with the Corporations Act that imposes specific requirements related to funding management. Furthermore, the scheme was promoted by an individual or associate of individual who was in the business of promoting such scheme (Damodaran, 2012). Moreover, in relation to the establishment requirements of the scheme, all the essential documents must be lodged with the ASIC by the company in order to get registered. In relation to the scheme, the roles and responsibilities of Balderdash would be to act as a responsible entity and exercise a reasonable level of diligence and care while performing its duties for the fulfillment of the scheme. Furthermore, the company since holds an Australian Financial Services Licence, it must take into account that the interest of the members of the investment scheme is duly safeguarded. Besides, the company must also exercise necessary steps to make sure that all the members of the scheme are treated equally and there is no discrimination among them (Penman, 2013). Furthermore, the company must also make sure that all the funds related to the scheme are utilized for specified purposes and are not used for fraudulent means (Fields, 2011). Therefore, Balderdash must act honestly in such a manner that its members, clients, and funds are properly safeguarded. Under the Corporations Act 2001, responsible entities like Balderdash is not responsible to establish a compliance committee for the managed investment scheme for which it operates. The reason behind this can be attributed to the fact that when less than half of the directors of such responsible entity are external directors, then only such entity is liable to form a compliance committee. Nevertheless, in this given case, it can be seen that majority of the directors are non-executive or external directors that do not align with the aforesaid criteria, thereby proving that the entity is not required to form a compliance committee for its managed investment scheme. When a fund is illiquid in a managed investment scheme, it is advisable for the Board to ensure that the investors are made aware of the capability of the fund to realize assets in an appropriate and timely manner (Choi Meek, 2011). Furthermore, the Board must also disclose to the investor's relevant details regarding the risks of such illiquid classes of assets. Moreover, under stressed market environment, such disclosure regarding illiquidity of fund becomes more significant because investors rely on such information to make proper investment decisions (Davies Crawford, 2012). The most important purpose of the constitution of a managed investment scheme is that it can ensure that the scheme registered with the ASIC easily meets certain requirements of the Corporations Act. Furthermore, a constitution of such scheme purposes to serve as a legally enforceable document betwixt the responsible entity and its members by setting out few or all the rights, liabilities, and duties of the responsible entity in relation to the scheme (Damodaran, 2010). The major requirements forming part of the constitution are: Powers of the responsible entity in relation to investments or dealing with the property of the scheme, raising or borrowing of money for the same purpose. Rights of members to terminate or withdraw from the scheme. Methods for dealing with issues associated with the scheme. Winding up the scheme. Consideration in order to acquire an interest in the scheme. Rights of the responsible entity to be indemnified or paid fees out of the property of the scheme. All these requirements forming part of the constitution of the scheme are taken into account by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). Nevertheless, it is clear that if the requirements of the constitution are not properly aligned with the Corporations Act, then the constitution will not be approved by the ASIC (Kell et. al, 2016). Moreover, there are various guidelines as to the assessment of such constitution by the ASIC that includes asking for more information, amendment, refusal to register the scheme, etc. References Choi, R.D Meek, G.K. (2011). International accounting. Pearson. Conifer, D. (2016). Bank inquiry: Parliamentary committee calls for tribunal to be established. Accessed November 28, 2017 from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-24/parliamentary-committee-calls-for-banking-tribunal-after-inquiry/8053514 Damodaran, A. (2010). Applied Corporate Finance: A Users Manual. New York: John Wiley Damodaran, A. (2012). Investment Valuation. New York: John Wiley Sons. Davies, T Crawford, I. (2012). Financial accounting. Harlow, England: Pearson. Deegan, C. M. (2011). In Financial accounting theory. North Ryde, N.S.W: McGraw-Hill Fields, E. (2011). The essentials of finance and accounting for nonfinancial managers, New York: American Management Association. FOS. (2017). Financial difficulty. Accessed November 28, 2017 from https://www.fos.org.au/consumers/financial-difficulty/ FOS. (2017). Find a financial services provider. Accessed November 28, 2017 from https://www.fos.org.au/resolving-disputes/find-a-financial-services-provider/ Goodwin, J, Ahmed, K Heaney, R. (2008). The Effects of International Financial Reporting Standards on the Accounts and Accounting Quality of Australian Firms: A Retrospective Study. Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics, 4(2), 89-119. IFA. (2017). FOS should be subject to investigation, report recommends. Accessed November 28, 2017 from https://www.ifa.com.au/news/17176-fos-should-be-subject-to-investigation-report-recommends Jonsson, S, Greve, H. R Fujiwara-Greve, T. (2009). Undeserved loss: The spread of legitimacy loss to innocent organizations in response to reported corporate deviance. Administrative Science Quarterly 54, 195228. Kell, P, Day, W Medcraft, G. (2016). Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services. Australia. Lai, C, Lu, M Shan, Y. (2013). Has Australian financial reporting become more conservative over time?. Accounting Finance, 53, 731-761. Penman, S. (2013).Financial statement analysis and security valuation. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Petersen, C Plenborg, T. (2012).Financial statement analysis. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Wahlen, J, M, Baginski, S, P, Bradshaw, M, T. (2010). Financial reporting, financial, Statement analysis and valuation: A strategic Perspective. Ohio: Cengage learning Wood, F Sangster, A. (2005). Business accounting 2. New York: Pearson education ltd.

The Objectives of Women in the International Community

Mein Fuhrer.....I can walk essays

Mein Fuhrer.....I can walk essays In 1962 Stanley Kubrick made a satire about Nuclear holocaust and he called it Dr. Strangelove, or How I Learned How to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb. Now, more than four decades later, Kubricks film is an excellent example of human feelings during the early sixties. In fact, the movie continues to be relevant now, as we face our current enemy: global terrorism. To appreciate the brilliance of this film, one must take into account the psychological and social atmosphere at the time when it was made. The story was written during the fifties; the cold war was in full swing. We were involved in Vietnam. The Cuban Missile Crisis had occurred. Fear and paranoia were at an all time high among the civilian, political, and military populations. It was a time when school children were instructed to duck and cover for air raid drills to prepare for a nuclear attack. Fear of the red army - the Rooskies was omnipresent. The House UnAmerican Activities Committee (HUAC), which began in 1938, was still summoning people to testify against colleagues and friends. Dr. Strangelove perfectly depicts the paranoia and, in doing so, also shows how absurd the whole thing was. The word "subtle" does not exist in the world of this film. This is, after all, a comedy which addresses nuclear holocaust and mocks the paranoia of its time. The entire film is ironic. The work opens in a serious mood as a plane crew in flight receives a message that they are to bomb Russia. The captain of the crew, Major Kong, is played by Slim Pickens, an actor recognized for his thick Texas accent. After double checking the order to drop the bomb, Kong unlocks a safe and pulls out a cowboy hat and puts the hat on. At this point, it becomes apparent something is seriously wrong with these people. After an initial viewing it becomes clear that Strangelove is a comedy. On a ...

Final Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Final Business Plan - Essay Example Currently, the retail and fashion industry tends to be biased towards dressings as opposed to home products. However, a close analysis of fashion trends and customer preferences from a research conducted by our research team has revealed a great need for home textile products that are environmentally friendly, affordable, and trendy. With this view in mind, we intend to tailor our products to meet these specific needs. In particular we will provide products made from high quality organic materials with great focus on colours, styles and fits. Our products will include xxxx. These will be made from organic materials such as cotton, silk and wool. Our products will be made or processed In India and exported for sale to Hollywood, Los Angeles. Our core business activity is the design, branding and selling of organic textiles. Our secondary business activities include research and development of organic farming techniques and inputting this information back to the organic cotton suppliers. New World Textiles aims to develop relationships of mutual benefits with its suppliers using a fair trading platform. With a low supply of organic cotton strained by the rapidly growing demand, It is beneficial for New world textiles to play an influential role in the supply chain of organic textiles through the engagement of CSR activities. New World Textiles is a start-up retail business that will sell fashionable home textiles to residents and visitors in Hollywood, Los Angeles. New World Textiles will be located along xxx, a place popular with tourists and visitors of all kinds and from different countries. In particular we will provide products made from high quality organic materials with great focus on colours, styles and fits. Our products will include xxxx. These will be made from organic materials such as cotton, silk and wool. New World Textiles is a multi-member Limited Liability

Create a fictional NGO and social media strategy for one of its Essay

Create a fictional NGO and social media strategy for one of its campaigns - Essay Example Breast cancer is one of the prevailing common cancers in the world that affects lives of thousands of women every year. The rate of breast cancer among developed countries is three times more than the less developed countries (Azenha, Bass & Caleffi 2011). Red is a non profit organization that aims to spread awareness in order to improve the lives of the women who are suffering from breast cancer (Zillmann 2008). In addition, the organization aims to spread awareness among the young females in schools and universities about the disease and controlling measures. Red aims to create breast cancer awareness campaign among the teenagers and women in the well developed countries because mortality rate due to breast cancer in developed countries is because of lack of quality information, regular screening and prevention methods.. Therefore, the organization aims to raise public awareness and educate patient through using social media (Breuer, Napthine & OShea 2008). People are more inclined towards social media than the other mediums, such as, newspapers, magazines, etc. Herein, to adequate the changing trend and pattern of the masses social media strategies have been adopted for the campaign to increase its publicity and raise awareness. The initial diagnose and treatment of Breast Cancer can help saving lives of thousands of women all around the world (Azenha, Bass & Caleffi 2011). Therefore, the main focus of the campaign shall remain the young females from different schools and universities (Barker, Borman & Neher 2012). It is expected that the greater knowledge of Breast Cancer shall lead to early detection of disease which can asses with the high and long term survival rate. In addition, the campaign shall raise funds for the patients that belong from low income families suffering from disease to provide reliable and permanent cure. Rate of breast cancer among developed countries is more than the less developed countries therefore ‘Red’ breast

Development of Management Programme for Nurses

Development of Management Programme for Nurses An advancement from a clinical role to a leadership role is one of the most challenging transformations for professional nurses in their career development. Nurses must be prepared as leaders who are competent, flexible, and able to energize others to adapt to change (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). Effective nurse leaders must communicate with their staff, manage stress, make decisions and handle power wisely. Additionally, managers must acquire and cultivate skills such as financial and change management, cultural literacy and personnel development and evaluation. The new nurse managers should acquire the qualities of management and leadership and need good mentors and orientation program in the transition. The purpose of this paper is to present a proposal for the development of a new manager orientation program. Effective nurse managers are crucial in achieving the hospital’s patient care mission and its financial viability (Cathcart, 2010). New nurse managers should be aware of problems that affect todays health care. Since the nursing job is getting more and more stressful and the health care is getting more expensive day by day, the nurse manager orientation program should include the ways to do good budgeting and safe staffing and retention of staff which helps in delivering safe and effective patient care. Nurse manager has great responsibility in maintaining a safe and quality patient care in the unit. Formal orientation programs are essential in retaining and motivating employees, lowering turnover, increasing productivity, improving employee morale, facilitating learning, and reducing the anxiety of new employees (Ragsdale, 2005). New nurse managers should be given enough time to know about the facility and the staff of the hired unit. New nurse managers should be aware of the expectations of them in the department and organizational level. Topic Rationale for Inclusion Objectives Possible Resources Necessary time and good orientation program A nurse manager should be given time to know the staff and the unit she/he is going to work with. Necessary time for orientation help the nurse manager to know the problems on the unit and the expectation of the staff about the new nurse manager. A well-designed orientation program can reduce turnover, shorten the period of adjustment, and lay the groundwork for a long successful career (Ragsdale, 2005). After getting enough time for orientation, a nurse manager will be able to plan herself for the job. The new nurse manager should use her mentor, all the staff and auxiliary staff in the unit as resources. Effective communication Effective communication is necessary to clear the ideas and gain confidence with the staff members. Communication has been identified as an essential component of team functioning within the nursing and inter-professional teams (Kilpatrick, 2013). After the nurse manager practice to do clear communication, they will be able to share the ideas and commands appropriately. A nurse manager should observe the mentor and can read books and discussions and should adapt his/her own way for effective and clear communication. Conflict resolution Conflict resolution skills are very important for the nurse manager to run the unit smoothly and improve the quality and increased productivity in a team which helps to bring better patient outcomes. The nurse executive must train or select nurse managers with effective conflict resolution skills (Baker, 1995). The focus of the nurse manager must shift from managing the behaviors used by staff to resolve the conflict (Baker, 1995). After learning the conflict resolution skills, the nurse manager will be able to recognize the issues and behaviors that causing the conflicts and analyze and solve the problems with the unit. A nurse manager should look into the mentor and others and also brainstorm possible resolutions to gather ideas to solve the conflict. Decision making Decision making is a difficult process sometimes for the nurse managers because they have to make fast decisions in times of evacuations, disasters and all affects the patient and their families and the staff. The degree of stress depends on their management and organizational factors, their work experience etc.. Throughout each 24-hour day, nurse managers make countless rapid fire decisions that impact patient, staff and organizational outcomes (Shirey, 2013). After getting enough time of orientation, nurse manager will able to know about the organization, unit and the staff which helps in better decision making. Nurse manager should learn from the mentor and also he/she should ask the staff with one on one or group meetings and get the opinions and ideas of different staff before the decision making. Motivation of staff Nurse managers can motivate the staff by creating a healthy work environment, participating the staff in the decision making process and complimenting the staff for their achievements. A transformational leadership approach can help nurse managers to increase or maintain a motivating work environment (Curtis, 2011). Motivating the staff is very much necessary for staff retention for this stressful and hectic job. Most nurse managers use a transformational leadership style which can increase motivation, enabling participation in decision- making, creating a healthy work environment, increasing worker empowerment, and offering a better quality of work-life balance (Curtis, 2011). After learning the necessary skills for motivating, the staff the nurse manager is able to create a healthy working environment which helps to increase the staff satisfaction and improve better patient outcomes. The nurse manager can learn from the mentor and from other excellent approachable senior leaders. Good budgeting Nurse manager has responsibility in maintaining the budget allowed for the unit. Nurse manager has to notify the staff of the budget allowed for the year and expenses of the unit and to decrease the unnecessary wastage of supplies. Nurse manager has to maintain the schedule in a way to decrease the unnecessary overtime on the unit and maintain the vacation time without affecting the staff and the patient care. Nurse leaders must make it their responsibility to provide nurses with increased exposure to quality, safety, and financial data, thereby allowing nurses to translate data while achieving and sustaining successful outcomes (Talley, 2013). After learning the budget allowed for the unit, the nurse manager is able to notify the staff about the patient safety priorities, quality outcomes, and financial accountability of each staff. The nurse manager should ask the mentor and other approachable nurse leaders of the organization and she can read materials on the financial management in the nursing field as resources. Safe staffing and staff retention Nursing job is a demanding at the same time a stressful job. Nurse manager should provide safe staffing and has to motivate and encourage the staff for better patient outcomes. Increase turnover of nurses will result in the economic burden, negative patient outcomes and decreased continuity of care. Increase turnover results in increased stress on the existing staff to cover the vacant shifts and also to orient new staff to the unit. So the nurse manager has to ask frequently to the staff for the feedbacks about the management and also for any problems with the unit. Improved retention will lead to savings of the organization, which may be allocated to activities such as training and mentorship to assist nurse leaders in developing these critical leadership skills (Duffield, 2011). Nurse manager has to appreciate the staff for their help on the unit and better patient outcomes and their achievements for certifications or attaining a degree. After learning how to do safe staffing and staff retention nurse manager is better able to increase patient outcomes and to save money on a tight budget. Nurse manager should ask the mentor and also should use her existing skills and experience to do safe staffing. Nurse manager should always ask feedbacks from the unit and can use all the employees in the unit as resources to solve the problem with the unit. Good nurse managers always try to make a positive and healthy working environment. The positive working environment will increase the job satisfaction. The skillful nurse manager always listens to the problems and feedbacks of the staff in the unit. This helps the nurse manager to find out the problems in the unit and manage the unit well with co-operation from all the staff in the unit. By managing the unit well, the nurse manager is able to do safe staffing, improve the retention and better budgeting, which all leads to better staff and patient satisfaction and better patient outcomes. References Baker, K. (1995). Improving staff nurse conflict resolution skills. Nursing Economic$, 13(5), 295. Cathcart, E., Greenspan, M., Quin, M. (2010). The making of a nurse manager: the role of experiential learning in leadership development. Journal Of Nursing Management, 18(4), 440-447. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01082.x Curtis, E., OÂÂ ¿Connell, R. (2011). Essential leadership skills for motivating and developing staff. Nursing Management UK, 18(5), 32-35. Duffield, C., Roche, M., Blay, N., Stasa, H. (2011). Nursing unit managers, staff retention and the work environment. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 20(1/2), 23-33. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03478.x Grohar-Murray, M. E., Langan, J. (2011). Leadership and management in nursing (4th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Health Science. Kilpatrick, K. (2013). Understanding acute care nurse practitioner communication and decision-making in healthcare teams. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 22(1/2), 168-179. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04119.x Ragsdale, M., Mueller, J. (2005). Plan, do, study, act model to improve an orientation program. Journal Of Nursing Care Quality, 20(3), 268-272. Shirey, M. R., Ebright, P. R., McDANIEL, A. M. (2013). Nurse manager cognitive decision-making amidst stress and work complexity. Journal Of Nursing Management, 21(1), 17-30. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01380.x Talley, L. B., Thorgrimson, D. H., Robinson, N. C. (2013). Financial Literacy as an Essential Element in Nursing Management Practice. Nursing Economic$, 31(2), 77-82.

Essay --

Gay marriage has been a topic of discussion between many people. It is talked in good and bad ways, due to a person’s beliefs or even just their overall opinions. The topic has been present for many years. Throughout the years many things have improved for the rights of the same sex couples. It included difficult times for these couples. They had to fight for their rights. They had to fight people that did not believe that they have these rights. According to Ronald Bailey (page 1), same sex marriage impacts traditional marriage. He also stated that it undermines or looks down upon conventional marriage of heterosexual marriage. The divorce rate among same sex couples decreased. After decades of falling the marriage rate and fertility rate slowly increased and still the divorce rate is down. The divorce rate in different sex couples decreased due to the same sex marriage increasing. In 2003, the divorce rate in Massachusetts was 2.5 per 1,000 people. Then in 2004 the marriage rate jumped 15%. Lesbian couples were 3 times more likely to divorce than heterosexual couples. Gay marriage couples also have kids. Nearly 20% of same sex couple houses have children. Close to 84% of them have biologically related children. Los Angeles reporters stated that 37% of same sex couples have had children of their own in their houses before. By the time that the children are of 17 years old 55% of lesbian couple are separated compared to the 36% of heterosexual couples according to The National Survey of Family Growth. Unlike divorce in heterosexual parents children from divorced homosexual do not experience social or psychological problems. When they divorce 75% of the lesbian couples share custody. In heterosexual (page 2) couples 65% of mot... ...ame the first state to pass in the United States to legalize same sex marriage, governor Arnold Schwarzenegger vetoed this bill. Then 3 years after this on June 16th 2008 California began allowing same sex marriage licenses. Proposition 8 was then launched, proposition 8 was launched to deny same sex marriage rights. Then in 2009 Maine governor John Baldacci signed a freedom to marry bill, which had support from both branches of the state legislature. Even though both legislatures gave support there were also opponents. These opponents also gained support from national organizations which launched a referendum to ban same sex marriage. Voter reserved the legislature in 2012, which again allowed same sex marriages in Maine. There were also out- of- state marriages in New Mexico and Rhode Island. It is a civil right to many the person of one’s choice.

Port Aventura

————————————————- CONFIDENTIAL MEMORANDUM To:| Fernando Aldecoa| From:| | Date:| | Re:| Port aventura| ————————————————- ————————————————- Executive Summary Port Aventura was launched in 1995 and since that time has transformed from a theme park to an all-encompassing resort. Due to this change, management now requires the ability to identify and target individual customers, as opposed to statistical averages of broad groups. One-to-one communication will allow for customized marketing packages and the ability to maximize revenues.However, information management systems currently in place are not capable of tracking customers to the degree needed to supp ort a one-to-one marketing approach. Therefore, it is the recommendation of Nielsen consulting that Port Aventura implements a data warehouse to facilitate the required analytics to determine who their customer is. ————————————————- Problem Identification Port Aventura is poised with the problem of having insufficient information and data on their individual customers.Seeing as the customer base is comprised of vastly different groups, it is imperative that Port Aventura take the time to identify who their customers are and what their individual profiles look like in an attempt to not only better serve customer requests, but also maximize park profits. Accurate and detailed information such as favorite restaurants, spending patterns, hotel stays and park activity preferences will allow Port Aventura to market to individual customers wants and needs on a one-to-one basis. T he lack of customer information is due to inadequate information management processes and systems.Port Aventura does not currently have the infrastructure needed to properly collect and manage large amounts of customer data or the ability to strategically analyze that information. Multiple small information systems are collecting high level data, but these systems are not integrated nor do they provide the level of detail required for successful one-to-one customer marketing. ————————————————- Evaluative Criteria Collect Individual Customer Preferences The desired solution must be able to present a concise snapshot of individual customers preferences based on past behaviours.Examples of required information include: * Frequency, seasonality, and duration of a customer’s visit * Did the customer stay in one of the hotels, and if so which one and what type of room * I s the customer visiting for business or pleasure or a combination of the two * Which park activities did the customer partake in; golf, amusement rides, beach club, shows, water park, corporate events * How much does the customer spend and what are the funds being spent on * What is the social-economic attributes of the customer: age, gender, family members, annual income, geographical location This type of detailed information will allow Port Aventura to intimately know each of its customers and provide the opportunity to understand consumer value preferences. Searchable and Scalable for Data Mining The solution must be conducive to analytical queries and provide the ability to turn raw data not only into customer information, but customer knowledge. This knowledge will then translate into business intelligence which will provide the basis for data mining.Port Aventura needs the ability to extract the relevant information to identify opportunities, strategies, and predictive behavi ours on its customers. Additionally, historical data must be stored and easily accessible while maintaining data integrity. Ease of Implementation and Ease of Use The optimal solution must be one that can be implemented quickly and without considerable disruption to the work flow within Port Aventura. Employees must be educated on the data collection processes to ensure the information management system is usable and accurate. Therefore, training must be thorough, concise, and cost effective. System maintenance and sustainability must also be possible through the use of the Information Systems Department employees. CostTotal cost to implement, train employees, and maintain the infrastructure needs to be kept in mind when determining the optimal solution. ————————————————- Alternatives Data Warehouse A date warehouse would allow Port Aventura to leverage the information man agement processes currently in place and provide a precise means of tracking individual customers. * Collect Individual Customer Preferences – The implementation of a loyalty rewards program and unique customer ID will allow the existing management systems to feed the required information into the data warehouse. * Searchable and Scalable for Data Mining – A data warehouse will provide a central storage from which customizable reporting tools can be made. Ease of Implementation and Ease of Use – A data warehouse will require the hiring of a project manager and take approximately 3 months to implement. Training for end user staff in both data entry and reporting will be minimal as there is already familiarity with the existing systems. IT staff will be trained on the data warehouse in order to ensure ongoing support and maintenance. * Cost – Cost for the implementation of a data warehouse is estimated at $250,000. New Integrated Information System Port Ave ntura could retire all of the existing information management processes and implement a new fully integrated information system to tie all aspects of the business together and track individual customer behaviour. Collect Individual Customer Preferences – A new integrated system will be designed for optimal information gathering and tracking. * Searchable and Scalable for Data Mining – Custom reporting will enable identification and tracking of all individual customer behaviours. * Ease of Implementation and Ease of Use – A new integrated system will require the hiring of a project team to scope, tender, and organize the undertaking. Implementation will take approximately 1 year. Systems will be required to run in parallel for some time to ensure functionality of the new system. End user and IT staff will be required to undergo extensive training to familiarize themselves with the new system. Cost – Cost for a new integrated information system is estimated at $1,000,000. See Exhibit 1 for the Decision Matrix for the above two alternatives. ————————————————- Implementation The optimal solution for Port Aventura is the implementation and integration of a data warehouse. Seeing as the existing infrastructure can be modified to provide the required data tracking elements, a data warehouse will be the timeliest, most cost effective, and efficient means of implementing one-to-one marketing to customers. Action Plan In securing the data warehouse for Port Aventura the following action items are recommended: * Hire an independent project manager.The total duration of the project is mapped to last 3 months; therefore the total cost of the project manager will be approximately $25,000. Start date for the project manager is June 15, 2009. * The project manager will meet with the principal owners of the data warehouse project to gather requirements. * Fernando Aldecoa – Director of Finance * Robert Magi – Director of IS * Mercedes de Pablo – Managing Director of Port Aventura Additionally, the project manager will meet with end users of the existing management systems to understand processes and procedures as well as current functionality. * Users of the Prestige Hospitality Management Tool Users of the Presence system – contact center operators * Users of Store Flow system * Users of the Concept Golf System Interviews and requirements gathering is mapped to last 2 weeks. * Issue a RFP for a data warehouse vendor. The duration of the tender is mapped to require 1 month. Selection of the data warehouse vendor will be based on the above pre-determined criteria. Cost for the data warehouse is estimated at $250,000. * The Marketing Department will design a loyalty rewards program whereby unique customer ID’s will be created as a means of tracking individual customers behaviour. The project manager will be responsible for implementing the unique customer ID entity into the existing information management systems.The marketing department will be responsible for rolling out the loyalty rewards program in conjunction with the implementation of the data warehouse. Total cost for implementation and marketing of the loyalty rewards program is estimated at $100,000. * Implementation of the data warehouse is mapped to require 1. 5 months. During this time, IT staff will be trained on the functionality of the data warehouse and end users will be trained on the new data inputs as well as the data mining capabilities of the data warehouse. * The go-live date is mapped to be September 15, 2009. Ongoing support and maintenance will be provided by Port Aventura IT staff. Reporting functionalities are then to be used by the marketing department to implement one-to-one communication with customers. Summary The implementation of the data warehouse is expected to last 3 months a nd requires $375,000 in capital (including the implementation of the loyalty rewards program). Ongoing support and maintenance of the data warehouse is estimated at $25,000 per year. This cost is minimal compared to the expected revenue from one-to-one marketing to consumers. ————————————————- Exhibit 1: Decision Matrix | Weight| Data Warehouse| New Integrated System| | | Raw| Weighted| Raw| Weighted| Individual Customer Preference| 30%| 8| 2. 4| 9| 2. 7|Data Mining| 20%| 8| 1. 6| 8| 1. 6| Implementation and Use| 20%| 7| 1. 4| 1| 0. 2| Cost| 30%| 8| 2. 4| 2| 0. 6| Score| | | 7. 8| | 5. 1| Raw Data is out of 10 with a score of 10 being the best option ————————————————- Exhibit 2: Data Warehouse Data Warehouse Data Warehouse Extract Transform Load Extract Transform Load Extract Transform Load Extract Transform Load Sales Sales HR HR SAP R3 SAP R3 Purchasing Purchasing Finance Finance Fix Assets Fix Assets Presence Presence Website Fans Website Fans Survey Results Survey Results Storeflow Storeflow Clients Club Clients Club Concept Golf Concept Golf Galaxy Galaxy Prestige Prestige

The Cross Cultural Communication and Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2464 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Cross-cultural communication involves in any international organisation activities. In this increasing globalising world, nowadays employers have been facing challenges across time-zones, country borders and cultures. Cultural background is the main aspect that influences an individuals behaviour and perception of the world. It is the successful communication and adequate management of the cultural differences which lead an international workforce to success so as to overcome conflict and miscommunication situation against individuals across different cultures. 2.2 Communication Within Management At todays rapidly growing organisations, there are many different types of communications that effect interactions between employers and employees in small or big organisations. Management is the process to ensure business processes to be completed efficiently and effectively with and through employers and employees. Besides being successful in achieving objectives, management must also be able to work and communicate well with people to run an organisation well (Robbins, 2006, p9). There were two main reasons why communication was so important within management. First, communication is the process in which functions of management to be accomplished (Stoner, 1994, p408). Second, communication is an activity which managers dedicate major of their time to (Stoner, 1994, p.408). These two reasons show the relationship between an organisation, management and effective communication. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Cross Cultural Communication and Management" essay for you Create order 2.3 Language Barrier Daniels et al. (2009) discovered that when people from different cultures speak the same language, culture spreads more easily, and there is greater cultural homogeneity among them (Daniels et al., p104, 2009). As compared, it is more difficult for people who come from different culture areas such as Eastern Asia and Southern America, for example. Though people can use a common language such as English to communicate or understand each other through translators, misinterpretation or misunderstanding may still happen due to cross-cultural differences. Language that describes what speaker wants to say in his/her terms which may present barriers to others from different cultures as they are not familiar with his/her expressions, slant, idioms, jargon, enunciation and emphasis in sentence intonation during conversation as this makes it difficult for listeners to clearly understand what he/she was saying. Communicating in such language will become a way to outcast the others. In this gl obalizing world, the greatest challenge for one is having a sense of awareness to talk in their language of different cultures to create effective communication. (Managing Diversity: Toward a Globally Inclusive Workplace, Michalle E. Mor Barak, 2005, USA: Sage Publications, Inc) 2.4 Non-verbal Communication Barrier Sometime people communicate in some sort of ways where their intention may be misunderstood by others. For example, in non-verbal communication, V-hand sign stands for a victory symbol in many countries but in major Europe, it may be an insulting sign (Liangguang, p199, 2010). Another example, Chinese like to touch childs head to display affection, but in Arab and Thailand, it is an offensive action (Liangguang, p199, 2010). Communication can be established in many different ways. According to Albert Mehrabian, communication can be made up with different elements, words, voice, tone and non-verbal cues. Mehrabian discovered that words are 7% effective, tonality is 38% effective, and body language is 55% effective. So it proves that non-verbal communication plays a significant role in communication. Non-verbal communication, includes our body language, sends some kind of messages without words (Tyler, Kossen Ryan 2005, p. 182). There are many non-verbal theories that include enviro nment, haptics, kinesics, artefacts, proxemics, paralinguistics and physical factors. Below will be further discussions on how each one of these theories effect non-verbal communication and the various effects that age, gender and culture have on these theories. Kinesics is the study of the relationship between non-linguistic human body motion, or body language, and communication (Bordia, et al 2008, pg 346). There are many different types of body language such as different types of facial expressions that are articulated mainly with the eyebrows, mouth, forehead and eyes. Posture and gestures are also body language indicators. Kinesics is the most obvious non-verbal communication form as it includes body language like slouching of the shoulders, raised eyebrows, rolling of the eyes, an opened surprised mouth and a nod of the head. Artifacts are another form of non-verbal communication. Artifacts are the way we dress which includes the clothes we wear, our hair styles, the jew ellery we wear, the makeup we use and any facial hair we may have. Bordia, 2008, says that artifacts are the use of personal adornments and provides important non verbal cues. The way we use artifacts today, especially in the way we dress, tells people a lot about ourselves. It will establish and create the first impression we give to people when meeting them. The clothing we wear to work should reflect the nature and position of where you are employed e.g. you wouldnt wear your football game outfit to your office; you would wear a suit and tie. Another form of non-verbal communication is called haptics. Haptic communication is communication through touch. Haptics is happening around us all the time without us even realising. When you greet your mate and shake his hand or when you greet your girlfriend/boyfriend and give them a kiss or hug, these are all forms of haptics that are happening quite commonly every day. Out of all forms of non-verbal communication haptics is affected the most by culture, age and gender. In terms of culture it varies a lot all over the world how accepted and appreciated touching is. With age it is found that the younger the person the more they are found to touch. It has also been found that women will touch more than men. Most American women shave their legs and underarms and use a variety of lotions to keep their hands soft to touch (Bordia, et al 2008). This shows that haptics means a lot more to women than men. Research reveals that a hug and 10 minutes of hand holding with a romantic partner greatly reduces the harmful physical effects of stress. It appears that, because touch lowers stress hormones, such loving contact protect us throughout the day (Montagu, 1971). 2.5 Disadvantages of Culture Diversity If cross-cultural communication practice is not promoted effectively, negative effect will be posed on individuals ability to communicate with one another in an international community. In contrast with ourselves, working successfully with individuals from different cultures is difficult and change is required (Bruno, 2004). If change is not managed successfully in culture diversified organisations, productivity may be reduced. Culture diversity in work group may increase doubtfulness, complexity and confusion (White, 1999). As such, these groups will find it hard in converging meanings, reaching a single agreement and agreeing on courses of action which reflects the communication within the organisation. Without proper communication, these work groups will not be able to function properly. Communication is the key to success in understanding and solving problems in business world, especially in a group. Perceptions of time, space, and business practices can disrupt effective commu nications (Weiss, 2001). Communication barriers may overtake the groups performance in the organisation. In many organisations, diversity can produce negative dynamics such as ethnocentrism, stereotyping and cultural clashes (White, 1999). Ethnocentrism exists in the organisation when one group believes in their way of thinking and feels superior ones own ethnic group or culture. Minorities may not be valued as they should because they are seen as being inferior to the homogenous culture already established in the organisation. One may be stereotyped by the others when associating certain behaviours of one with another group. Therefore, the person is not valued for what they are as an individual but often being associated to the particular group and held responsible for that groups actions. Cultural clashes, like stereotyping, do not allow the individual proving him or herself. The disharmony between two cultures, for any reason, prohibits the individuals from different culture to f ully perform in a culturally diverse work group. Therefore, if employers are unable to manage diversity, it may detract from performance. Another disadvantage of culturally diverse work groups is intergroup conflict. Intergroup conflict can be well-managed if employers harmonise competing goals, assign power in a representative manner, affirm the identity of minority group members, and act when resources are plentiful and cultural differences are lower or well-understood (White, 1999).The biggest issue with cultural diversity in the work groups is the managers lack of knowledge of how to lead a culturally diverse work group. 2.6 Advantages of Culture Diversity On the other hand, being tangled in the cultural diversity circumstances can be beneficial if sufficient exploration is done as there will be much different view of points and experience from people who are raised differently in their own culture with variety of backgrounds rather than your own. Diversity creates a way of fuelling growth for organisation by tapping into fast-growing multicultural markets (Pellet, 2004). If managers can effectively lead culturally diverse work groups, the organisations will benefit from the advantages. There is substantial argument over diverse groups and organisations having performance advantages over homogenous groups (White, 1999). These advantages are outlined as follows: (1) attracts and retains the best available human talent, (2) better adapts to change and exhibits more organisational flexibility, (3) understands and penetrates wider and improved markets, (4) presents higher creativity and innovation, (5) presents a better problem solvin g ability. Studies show that when organisations attract, retain, and promote highest employment of people from culturally diverse backgrounds, they gain competitive advantage and maintain the highest quality of human talent. By restraining the number of diverse workers in an organisation, the organisation is also restraining range of information and resources it could attain from the culturally diverse workers. The organisations can also reach out for wider and improved markets when they have an increased understanding of the social and cultural environment of foreign countries through its culturally diverse work force. The increase in understanding can ease selling goods and services in the growingly diverse marketplace. Culturally diverse employees allow the organisations to acquire high levels of creativity and innovation. The high levels of creativity and innovation generates a greater openness to new ideas. Culturally diverse work groups can provide a broader and richer expe rience to approach a problem. According to, Charlene Nemeth, in a series of research studies, found that groups subjected to minority views are better at critically analyzing decision issues and alternatives than those that were not (Cox, 2001). These diverse organizations consist of expanded meanings, multiple perspectives, and multiple interpretations, which enables it to be more capable of avoiding the consequences of groupthink. Groupthink primarily occurs in highly organised, homogeneous groups. The members tend to lose their critical thinking and become unwilling to criticise one another (Weiss, 2001). Cultural diversity triggers flexibility in the organisation because it allows multiple ways of organising and responding to information. This variety also increases the flexibility of thought since the employees will speak two or more languages (Cox, 2001). 2.7 Training Programs To ensure the success of culturally diverse work groups, some organisations discovered that diversity training programs is necessary to remain competitive for the organisation in this rapid changing environment and managing diversity improves its competitive advantage in recruiting and retaining employees and that it increases productivity quality, creativity and morale. Diversity management workshops offer training for managers to discover what it takes to be a minority in this wide society. A multicultural board oversees the organisations diversity efforts. New minority employees will also be introduced by mentor program to the organisations culture. The organisation believes that managing diversity creates better customer service, improves its public image and boosts clients confidence and credibility. With diverse training programs, efforts to educate the organisation about the benefits can help diversity evolving from programs and initiatives to be a fundamental part of an org anisations culture (Pellet, 2004). 2.8 Summary In this literature review, we tried to discover on different theories to better understand the concept of cross-cultural communication. Translation covers only a small part of problems of working with people of other nations and cultures. Differences in cultural background may affect communication between people of different countries, and International English may be evolving a cultural style of its own. There are various aspects like verbal and nonverbal communication which we have tried to cover with an intention to have a better understanding in dealing with the specific countries that we have covered. However these are much more complex than it is possible to convey. These aspects even influence the course of communications, and can be responsible for conflict or the escalation of conflict when it leads to miscommunication or misinterpretation. A culturally-fluent approach to conflict means working overtime to understand these and other ways communication varies across culture s, and applying these understandings in order to enhance relationships across differences. In cross-cultural communication with East Asian countries, when you are dealing with people of different countries, treat people the way they want to be treated, instead of the way you think they should be. Genuine respect for their beliefs, opinions and lifestyle is essential. The key to successful communication is relationship building. The latter can only be achieved by developing an empathy with, and understanding of, the socio-cultural dynamics of different communities. Communicating with those unfamiliar to us does not come easily. The more distant and unacquainted the cultures are the greater the challenge. Therefore, good communication requires the parties to respect, show sensitivity and truly understand each others social systems. Mehrabian A, 1972, Nonverbal Communication, Chicago Aldine-Atherton. https://www1.chapman.edu/comm/comm/faculty/thobbs/com401/nonverb.html , viewe d 15 May. Stoner J, 1994, Management- Interpersonal and organisational communication, New York Robbins, S, Bergman, R, Stagg, I, Coulter, M. (2006), Management (4th ed), Frenchs Forest, NSW. Daniels, J. D., Radebaugh, L. H., Sullivan, D. P. (2009). International Business, Environments and Operations (12th ed), p90-133, p154-169, Saddle River, N.J. Pearson International Edition. Liangguang H. (2010). Cross-cultural Communication in Business Negotiations.Full Text Available. International Journal of Economics Finance, May2010, Vol. 2 Issue 2, p196-199, 4p; (AN 51360800). Database: Business Source Complete. Communication is an interpersonal process of sending and receiving symbols with messages attached to them (Schermerhorn, 2004). Schermerhorn J R, 2004, Management: An Asia-Pacific Perspective, Milton QLD Tyler, S, Kossen C Charmaine, R 2005, Communication. A foundation course, 2nd edn, Pearson Prentice Hall, Frenchs Forest, NSW. Bordia, S, Crossman, J, Bretag , T 2008, Managing Communication in Business, McGraw-Hill Australia, North Road, NSW. An especially persuasive argument is made by Ashley Montagu in touching: the human significance of the skin. New York: Harper and Row, 1971. Bruno, J. (2004). Implementing diversity in a meaningful way. American Water Works Association 96(10). Retrieved 11/27/04 from ProQuest database, TSU Library. White, R. D. (1999). Managing the Diverse Organization: The Imperative for a New Multicultural Paradigm. Public Administration Management 4(4). Retrieved 9/29/04 from https://www.pamij.com/99_4_4_white.html Weiss, Joseph W. (2001). Organizational behavior and change: managing diversity, cross-cultural dynamics, ethics. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Pub., c2001. Pellet, J. (2004). Driving Diversity. Chief Executive 198. Retrieved 11/27/04 from ProQuest database, TSU Library. Cox, Taylor. (2001). Creating the Multicultural Organization: A Strategy for Capturing the Power of Div ersity. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass-A Wiley Company, c2001.